🇪🇸 Spain Overview
Spain is one of Europe’s largest medical cannabis producers, with significant volumes of cannabis cultivated, imported, processed, and exported annually, albeit with only a small number of commercially active players.
In October 2025, Spain approved a decree establishing a medical cannabis programme in the country. The framework gives patients in Spain legal access to medical cannabis for the first time in the country’s history.
The framework has some limitations – prescription of products can only happen in hospitals via specialists, and flower products will not be allowed; only extract products will be permitted. Prescription is not limited to a specific list of conditions however, giving some flexibility to doctors in choosing what to use medical cannabis to treat.
This regulatory development has been pushed forward by pressure from the country’s advocacy groups and businesses. Calls to expand this programme to ease access further will be ongoing.
Regulations
As of October 9th 2025, Spain has created a controlled, hospital-based access pathway for medical cannabis, based on standardised magistral formulas rather than marketing authorizations. Medical cannabis flower is not permitted.
The Health Regulator, AEMPS, plays a central role, controlling product registration, quality, and indications.
Patient access is strictly limited to hospital specialists and pharmacy services. Community pharmacies are largely excluded for now but could play a limited role in future.
This approach is one of the most restrictive medical cannabis models in Europe.
🇪🇸 Patient Access
Who Can Prescribe?
Only specialist physicians in hospitals can prescribe, not general practitioners, nor specialists outside hospitals.
What are the treatable pathologies?
There is no defined list of indications which can be prescribed for, however when monographs are published by AEMPS in the National Formulary, a list of indications may be given.